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	<title>NetNotes</title>
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	<link>http://netnotes.maka.biz/en</link>
	<description>Data/Voice/Video networking, TCP/IP Routing/Switching, Cisco networking</description>
	<pubDate>Fri, 20 Nov 2009 23:50:09 +0000</pubDate>
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		<managingEditor>netnotes@maka.biz ()</managingEditor>
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		<category></category>
		<ttl>1440</ttl>
		<itunes:keywords></itunes:keywords>
		<itunes:subtitle></itunes:subtitle>
		<itunes:summary>Data/Voice/Video networking, TCP/IP Routing/Switching, Cisco networking</itunes:summary>
		<itunes:author></itunes:author>
		<itunes:category text="Society &amp; Culture"/>
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			<itunes:email>netnotes@maka.biz</itunes:email>
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			<title>NetNotes</title>
			<link>http://netnotes.maka.biz/en</link>
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		<item>
		<title>Sample transit BGP core configuration</title>
		<link>http://netnotes.maka.biz/en/2009/11/03/sample-transit-bgp-core-configuration/</link>
		<comments>http://netnotes.maka.biz/en/2009/11/03/sample-transit-bgp-core-configuration/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Tue, 03 Nov 2009 17:20:34 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>maka</dc:creator>
		
		<category><![CDATA[EGPs]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[Routing]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[as-path filters]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[BGP]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[BGP Communities]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[eBGP]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[iBGP]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[prefix-lists]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[route reflectors]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[route-maps]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://netnotes.maka.biz/en/?p=97</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[I will be doing a a series of labs exploring BGP and MPLS, how they could or could not work together, what problems MPLS solves and causes, and how its configuration and maintenance are done. I will start with a simulated segment of a sample ISP, running BGP on all routers, and will move to [...]]]></description>
		<wfw:commentRss>http://netnotes.maka.biz/en/2009/11/03/sample-transit-bgp-core-configuration/feed/</wfw:commentRss>
		</item>
		<item>
		<title>Getting started with MPLS, getting rid of BGP in the core</title>
		<link>http://netnotes.maka.biz/en/2009/11/02/getting-started-with-mpls-getting-rid-of-bgp-in-the-core/</link>
		<comments>http://netnotes.maka.biz/en/2009/11/02/getting-started-with-mpls-getting-rid-of-bgp-in-the-core/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Mon, 02 Nov 2009 00:35:37 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>maka</dc:creator>
		
		<category><![CDATA[Routing]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[Switching]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[MPLS]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://netnotes.maka.biz/en/?p=186</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[In this lab, we will do a very simple MPLS lab, to illustrate how we can have a network without BGP on the core transit routers in an AS.  Here&#8217;s how the simple network looks like:
The complete configurations are listed at the end of the post.
We will start with just 3 routers in our AS [...]]]></description>
		<wfw:commentRss>http://netnotes.maka.biz/en/2009/11/02/getting-started-with-mpls-getting-rid-of-bgp-in-the-core/feed/</wfw:commentRss>
		</item>
		<item>
		<title>Terminating a GRE/IPSEC tunnel behind NAT</title>
		<link>http://netnotes.maka.biz/en/2009/10/10/greipsec-tunnel-terminating-behind-nat/</link>
		<comments>http://netnotes.maka.biz/en/2009/10/10/greipsec-tunnel-terminating-behind-nat/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Sat, 10 Oct 2009 01:37:27 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>maka</dc:creator>
		
		<category><![CDATA[General]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[Security]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[VPNs]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[GRE]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[IPSEC]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[ISAKMP]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[NAT]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[VPN]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://netnotes.maka.biz/en/?p=89</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Suppose I need to (for whatever reason ;)) site-to-site VPN but also need to terminate the GRE/IPSEC tunnel on a device which is behind a NAT. The following diagram illustrates the scenario:
We need to have an IPSEC SA between RLeft and RRight and we need to have a GRE VTI between RLeft and RRight, running [...]]]></description>
		<wfw:commentRss>http://netnotes.maka.biz/en/2009/10/10/greipsec-tunnel-terminating-behind-nat/feed/</wfw:commentRss>
		</item>
		<item>
		<title>The original TCP specification</title>
		<link>http://netnotes.maka.biz/en/2009/02/10/the-original-tcp-specification/</link>
		<comments>http://netnotes.maka.biz/en/2009/02/10/the-original-tcp-specification/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Tue, 10 Feb 2009 10:00:54 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>maka</dc:creator>
		
		<category><![CDATA[General]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[IP]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[TCP]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[TCP/IP]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://netnotes.maka.biz/en/?p=50</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[This is an interesting read that i found recently - the original proposed specification for the TCP protocol. It&#8217;s a presentation by Vint Serf and Robert Kahn from 1974, when during the IEEE transaction of communcations they propose a design of a new protocol for packet switched communication.  It&#8217;s called &#8220;A protocol for packet network [...]]]></description>
		<wfw:commentRss>http://netnotes.maka.biz/en/2009/02/10/the-original-tcp-specification/feed/</wfw:commentRss>
		</item>
		<item>
		<title>Cisco IOS banner tokens</title>
		<link>http://netnotes.maka.biz/en/2009/01/17/cisco-ios-banner-tokens/</link>
		<comments>http://netnotes.maka.biz/en/2009/01/17/cisco-ios-banner-tokens/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Sat, 17 Jan 2009 13:17:40 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>maka</dc:creator>
		
		<category><![CDATA[General]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[banner]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[banner tokens]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[cisco IOS]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://netnotes.maka.biz/en/?p=31</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Since Cisco IOS Release 12.0(3)T there is an option to use tokens when configuring different types of banner messages on routers.  The tokens are replaced with the respective parameter value when the banner is displayed, and they can reference different parameters of the device and/or configuration. 
The table below lists the possible tokens and their support [...]]]></description>
		<wfw:commentRss>http://netnotes.maka.biz/en/2009/01/17/cisco-ios-banner-tokens/feed/</wfw:commentRss>
		</item>
		<item>
		<title>BGP RIB-Failure</title>
		<link>http://netnotes.maka.biz/en/2009/01/07/bgp-rib-failure/</link>
		<comments>http://netnotes.maka.biz/en/2009/01/07/bgp-rib-failure/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Wed, 07 Jan 2009 19:15:30 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>maka</dc:creator>
		
		<category><![CDATA[General]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[Routing]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[BGP]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[eBGP]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[iBGP]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[RIB-Failure]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://netnotes.maka.biz/en/?p=21</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[BGP RIB-Failure is a situation where some routes from the BGP process cannot be installed in the main routing table due to different reasons::

A route with a better administrative distance is already installed in the routing table (i.e. a static route/route from an IGP with a better administrative distance);
The route in question is a directly [...]]]></description>
		<wfw:commentRss>http://netnotes.maka.biz/en/2009/01/07/bgp-rib-failure/feed/</wfw:commentRss>
		</item>
		<item>
		<title>VRF Lite - VRFs without MPLS</title>
		<link>http://netnotes.maka.biz/en/2008/12/26/vrf-lite-vrfs-without-mpls/</link>
		<comments>http://netnotes.maka.biz/en/2008/12/26/vrf-lite-vrfs-without-mpls/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Fri, 26 Dec 2008 14:21:45 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>maka</dc:creator>
		
		<category><![CDATA[General]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[BGP]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[EIGRP]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[metro ethernet]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[MP-iBGP]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[MPLS]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[OSPF]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[Routing]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[VRF]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[VRF Lite]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://netnotes.maka.biz/en/?p=17</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[MPLS VRFs are both a popular and widely advertised solution for provider VPNs and for segregating traffic through a backbone network, and they provide and rely on a few features to sell well  

Segmentation of the network traffic from different client devices on both sides of a cloud, usually a provider cloud;
The option of [...]]]></description>
		<wfw:commentRss>http://netnotes.maka.biz/en/2008/12/26/vrf-lite-vrfs-without-mpls/feed/</wfw:commentRss>
		</item>
		<item>
		<title>weird commands on CISCO3825 boot</title>
		<link>http://netnotes.maka.biz/en/2008/10/11/weird-commands-on-cisco3825-boot/</link>
		<comments>http://netnotes.maka.biz/en/2008/10/11/weird-commands-on-cisco3825-boot/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Fri, 10 Oct 2008 23:34:27 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>maka</dc:creator>
		
		<category><![CDATA[General]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[autotest]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[crypto accelerator]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[crypto map]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://netnotes.maka.biz/en/?p=3</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[I was quite disturbed at first when I recently saw the following commands being logged after a router boot-up:
idx   sess           user@line      Logged command
1     1        console@console  &#124;access-list 199 permit icmp host 10.10.10.10 host 20.20.20.20
2     1        console@console  &#124;crypto map NiStTeSt1 10 ipsec-manual
3     1        console@console  &#124;match address 199
4     1        console@console  &#124;set peer 20.20.20.20
5     1        console@console  &#124;exit
6     1        console@console  [...]]]></description>
		<wfw:commentRss>http://netnotes.maka.biz/en/2008/10/11/weird-commands-on-cisco3825-boot/feed/</wfw:commentRss>
		</item>
		<item>
		<title>cable testing on a cisco 3750</title>
		<link>http://netnotes.maka.biz/en/2008/03/02/cable-testing-on-a-cisco-3750/</link>
		<comments>http://netnotes.maka.biz/en/2008/03/02/cable-testing-on-a-cisco-3750/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Sun, 02 Mar 2008 00:08:39 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>maka</dc:creator>
		
		<category><![CDATA[Switching]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[cable testing]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[Catalyst 3750]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[TDR]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://netnotes.maka.biz/en/?p=8</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Catalyst 2960, 2970, 3560/3560-E, и 3750/3750-E switches have a built-in Time-Domain Reflectometer that can be used to test cabling directly from the switchports. TDR is not supported neither on 10Gig interfaces, nor FastEthernet or SFP interfaces.
Example:


SW01#test cable-diagnostics tdr interface gigabitethernet2/1
TDR test started on interface Gi2/1
A TDR test can take a few seconds to run on [...]]]></description>
		<wfw:commentRss>http://netnotes.maka.biz/en/2008/03/02/cable-testing-on-a-cisco-3750/feed/</wfw:commentRss>
		</item>
		<item>
		<title>TCP congestion control and queueing</title>
		<link>http://netnotes.maka.biz/en/2008/02/11/tcp-congestion-control-and-queueing/</link>
		<comments>http://netnotes.maka.biz/en/2008/02/11/tcp-congestion-control-and-queueing/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Mon, 11 Feb 2008 16:43:28 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>maka</dc:creator>
		
		<category><![CDATA[General]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[VoIP]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[congestion avoidance]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[congestion control]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[QoS]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[queueing]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[slow-start]]></category>

		<category><![CDATA[TCP]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://netnotes.maka.biz/en/?p=25</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[TCP mechanisms for traffic regulation and congestion-control
Standard TCP implementations have several mechanisms for congestion-avoidance:

 TCP Slow-start - this is the standard method for increasing the amount of data being transported - starting exponentially at one segment, and after a certain point - in a linear way (congestion-avoidance behaviour), and for regulating this amount in cases [...]]]></description>
		<wfw:commentRss>http://netnotes.maka.biz/en/2008/02/11/tcp-congestion-control-and-queueing/feed/</wfw:commentRss>
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